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Publicaciones

Non-equilibrium evolutiion of volatility in origination and extinction explains fat-tailed fluctuations in phanerozoic biodiversity.

Año: 2019
Categoría: Biodiversidad

Título publicación

Non-equilibrium evolutiion of volatility in origination and extinction explains fat-tailed fluctuations in phanerozoic biodiversity.

Autores: A.J. Rominger, M.A. Fuentes, P.A. Marquet.

 

Libro: Non-equilibrium evolutiion of volatility in origination and extinction explains fat-tailed fluctuations in Phanerozoic biodiversity.

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Abstract

Fluctuations in biodiversity, large and small, pervade the fossil record, yet we do not understand the processes generating them. Here, we extend theory from nonequilibrium statistical physics to describe the fat-tailed form of fluctuations in Phanerozoic marine invertebrate richness. Using this theory, known as superstatistics, we show that heterogeneous rates of origination and extinction between clades and conserved rates within clades account for this fat-tailed form.

Assessing the causes behind the late quaternary extinction of horses in south america using species distribution models.

Año: 2019
Categoría: Medio Ambiente

Título publicación

Assessing the causes behind the late quaternary extinction of horses in south america using species distribution models.

Autores: N.A. Villavicencio, D. Corcoran, P.A. Marquet.

 

Libro: Assessing the causes behind the Late Quaternary extinction of horses in South America using species distribution models.

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Abstract

At the end of the Pleistocene, South America witnessed the loss of an 83% of all megafaunal genera that inhabited the continent at that time. Among the taxa that disappeared were all the representatives of the Equidae family, including several species of Equus and Hippidion. Previous studies have investigated the causes behind the extinction of horses in South America using radiocarbon data sets to set the time of extinction and compare it to the timing of major climate changes and human arrival. While these studies have shown to be informative, they are available only for some regions of the continent. In the present work we use paleo species distribution models to estimate the potential distribution of Equus neogeus, Hippidion saldiasi, Hippidion devillei and Hippidion principale in South America from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) through the early Holocene.

Estimating the Local Time of Emergence of Climatic Variables Using an Unbiased Mapping of GCMs. An Application in Semiarid and Mediterranean Chile

Año: 2019
Categoría: Cambio climático, Clima, Downscaling, Modelación climática

Título publicación

Estimating the Local Time of Emergence of Climatic Variables Using an Unbiased Mapping of GCMs. An Application in Semiarid and Mediterranean Chile

Autores: Cristian Chadwick, Jorge Gironás, Sebastián Vicuña, Francisco Meza

Revista: Journal of Hydrometeorology (2019), Aceptado.

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Abstract

The time at which climate change signal can be clearly distinguished from noise is known as Time of Emergence (ToE), and is typically detected by a General Circulation Model (GCM) signal-to-noise ratio exceeding a certain threshold. ToE is commonly estimated at large scales from GCMs, although management decisions and adaptation strategies are implemented locally.

Cambio climático en Chile. Ciencia, mitigación y adaptación.

Año: 2019
Categoría: Adaptación, Cambio climático, Cambio global

Título publicación

Cambio climático en Chile. Ciencia, mitigación y adaptación.

Autores: J.C. Castilla, F.J. Meza, S. Vicuña, P.A. Marquet, J.P. Montero.

 

Libro: Cambio Climático en Chile. Ciencia, mitigación y adaptación.

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Abstract

Cambio Climático en Chile: Ciencia, Mitigación y Adaptación es el resultado de un curso multidisciplinario sobre cambio climático dictado en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile a lo largo de diez años con la colaboración de veinticuatro investigadores de múltiples disciplinas –ingeniería, agronomía, economía, climatología, biología, geografía, oceanografía, estadística y ciencia política– que aborda diferentes aspectos y temáticas del cambio climático y el ambiente. En este libro se analizan tanto las situaciones climáticas globales como la realidad de Chile con respecto a sus principales fuentes de emisiones, los impactos del clima y sus niveles de vulnerabilidad. En la primera sección se describen las bases científicas sobre el cambio climático, destacándose los roles de la atmósfera, el balance de energía y el ciclo de los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en el sistema terrestre.

Planform geometry and relief characterization of drainage networks in high-relief environments: An analysis of Chilean Andean basin

Año: 2019
Categoría: Hidrología, Modelación hidrológica

Título publicación

Planform geometry and relief characterization of drainage networks in high-relief environments: An analysis of Chilean Andean basin

Autores: Andrés Pereira-Claren, Jorge Gironás, Jeffrey Niemann, Paola Passalacqua, Alfonso Mejía, Cristián Escauriaza

Revista: Geomorphology (2019), 341: 46-64

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Abstract

Drainage network types give indications of the landscape evolution processes and the lithologic and structural conditions that produced them. Moreover, drainage network attributes affect the hydrologic response of basins. Several network types have been identified through visual inspection and, more recently, through quantitative methods developed and applied primarily on relatively low-relief regions.

On the Influence of Upstream Flow Contributions on the Basin Response Function for Hydrograph Prediction

Año: 2019
Categoría: Modelación hidrológica

Título publicación

On the Influence of Upstream Flow Contributions on the Basin Response Function for Hydrograph Prediction

Autores: Tomás Bunster, Jorge Gironás, Jeffrey Niemann

Revista: Water Resources Research (2019) 55(6)

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Abstract

Spatially distributed travel time (SDTT) methods have been developed as an alternative to semidistributed and fully distributed methods for rainfall‐runoff modeling. In these methods, the travel times of grid cells are summed along flow paths and then convoluted to generate the hydrograph at the outlet. One central aspect of SDTT models that remains partially addressed is the effect of upstream flow contributions and their dynamics on the calculated flood wave travel times.

Urban Climates in Latin America (Libro)

Año: 2019
Categoría: Cambio climático, Clima, Crecimiento urbano, Planificación urbana

Título publicación

Urban Climates in Latin America (Libro)

Editores: Cristián Henríquez, Hugo Romero

Editorial: Springer (DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97013-4)

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Abstract

Este libro describe la observación de los climas urbanos en América Latina y sus relaciones con la expansión urbana, el surgimiento económico de los países latinoamericanos, la segregación social, la ecología urbana, los desastres y la resiliencia. Los capítulos incluyen contribuciones relacionadas con las islas de calor urbano, zonas climáticas locales, confort térmico, contaminación del aire, índice de clima extremo, infraestructura verde, problemas de salud y adaptaciones basadas en el contexto socioeconómico de las zonas urbanas. Este libro revisa el papel de la planificación urbana y la gobernanza ambiental, destacando las singularidades en las políticas de adaptación al clima en los países en desarrollo.

Impact of Urban Growth and High Residential Irrigation on Streamflow and Groundwater Levels in a Peri‐Urban Semiarid Catchment

Año: 2019
Categoría: Cuencas urbanas, Recursos hídricos

Título publicación

Impact of Urban Growth and High Residential Irrigation on Streamflow and Groundwater Levels in a Peri‐Urban Semiarid Catchment

Autores: Pedro Sanzana, Jorge Gironás, Isabelle Braud, José‐Francisco Muñoz, Sebastián Vicuña, Sonia Reyes‐Paecke, Francisco de la Barrera, Flora Branger, Fabrice Rodríguez, Ximena Vargas, Nancy Hitschfeld, Santiago Hormazábal

Revista: Journal of the American Water Resources Association  (2019) https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12743

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Abstract

The impact of urbanization on groundwater is not simple to understand, as it depends on a variety of factors such as climate, hydrogeology, water management practices, and infrastructure. In semiarid landscapes, the urbanization processes can involve high water consumptions and irrigation increases, which in turn may contribute to groundwater recharge. We assessed the hydrological impacts of urbanization and irrigation rates in an Andean peri‐urban catchment located in Chile, in a semiarid climate.

An open-system approach to complex biological networks.

Año: 2019
Categoría: Medio Ambiente

Título publicación

An open-system approach to complex biological networks.

Autores:R. Rebolledo, S.A Navarrete, S. Kefi, S. Rojas, P.A. Marquet.

 

Libro: An open-system approach to complex biological networks.

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Abstract

Biological diversity is essential for the maintenance of the ecosystem functions that support life on the planet. Inherent to this diversity is the seemingly endless way in which the biological entities of a natural system interact and affect each other at local and regional scales, conforming complex ecological networks permeable to external forcing. Existing approaches to capture and model such complexity typically make unrealistic or excessively restrictive assumptions. Here we use concepts from open dynamical systems and metacommunity theory to develop a framework in which the system dynamics is a function of both interspecific interactions in the focal system (e.g., a local community of coexisting species) and unobserved biotic and abiotic interactions with the local and regional environment (e.g., the metacommunity).

Public Spaces as Climate Justice Places? Climate Quality in the City of Chillán, Chile

Año: 2019
Categoría: Cambio climático, Crecimiento urbano, Planificación urbana

Título publicación

Public Spaces as Climate Justice Places? Climate Quality in the City of Chillán, Chile

Autores: Pamela Smith, Cristián Henríquez

Revista: Public Spaces as Climate Justice Places? Climate Quality in the City of Chillán, Chile. Environmental Justice  (2013)

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Abstract

The transformations brought about by climate change and the continued growth of cities are having an impact on urban climate. In urban spaces, especially in public spaces, environmental conditions are becoming more uncomfortable and this is affecting the health and quality of life of city dwellers. This study of climate quality in the city of Chillán revealed that there are insufficient public spaces to provide acceptable environmental quality for the entire population.

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