Ten years after the signing of the Paris Agreement, the 30th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP30) was held in Belém, Brazil, from 10 to 21 November 2025. Around 190 countries once again came together to discuss, negotiate, and advance responses to the challenges of climate change, not merely in a symbolic manner, but with the aim of moving from commitment to action, reaffirming the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” established by the UNFCCC (2015).
There are multiple signals of urgency. The most recent report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) warns that, under current emissions levels and existing policies, the world is heading toward global warming of up to 2.8 °C over the course of this century (UNEP, 2025a). This projection is particularly significant in a year in which each Party to the Paris Agreement was required to submit updated NDCs, including concrete progress and more ambitious targets. In addition, 2024 was the first calendar year in which the global average temperature exceeded 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels (WMO, 2025), already translating into increasing losses, damages, and extreme impacts. In this context, the COP30 Presidency emphasized the need to act with a collective and community-based approach, introducing the Portuguese term “multirão”, originating from the Indigenous Tupi-Guarani language, which evokes a joint effort in which people work together in a spirit of community (COP30, 2025a). This slogan was promoted throughout the two weeks of the summit by André Arantha Corrêa do Lago, President of COP30.
The outcome of COP30, reflected in the so-called Belém Package, represents an attempt to transform urgency into concrete action. Among its 29 decisions adopted by consensus are measures related to a just transition, adaptation finance, indicators to assess progress toward the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), gender equity, and the strengthening of international cooperation. In this way, the Belém Package aspires to become the first step of a decade of change, driven by a “global multirão” to confront the climate crisis.