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Do microenvironmental changes disrupt multicellular organisation with ageing, enacting and favouring the cancer cell phenotype?

Año: 2020
Categoría: Dinámica de especies

Título publicación

Do microenvironmental changes disrupt multicellular organisation with ageing, enacting and favouring the cancer cell phenotype?

Autores: S.P. Castillo, J.E. Keymer, P.A. Marquet

Libro: BioEssays.

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Abstract

Cancer is a singular cellular state, the emergence of which destabilises the homeostasis reached through the evolution to multicellularity. We present the idea that the onset of the cellular disobedience to the metazoan functional and structural architecture, known as the cancer phenotype, is triggered by changes in the cell's external environment that occur with ageing: what ensues is a breach of the social contract of multicellular life characteristic of metazoans.

What is the distribution of species richness? In: Unsolved Problems in Ecology. Dobson A., R.D., Holt & D. Tilman (eds)

Año: 2020
Categoría: Dinámica de especies

Título publicación

What is the distribution of species richness? In: Unsolved Problems in Ecology. Dobson A., R.D., Holt & D. Tilman (eds)

Autores: P.A. Marquet, M. Tejo, R. Rebolledo

Libro: Princeton University Press

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Abstract

Leading ecologists discuss some of the most compelling open questions in the field today
Unsolved Problems in Ecology brings together many of the world’s leading ecologists to discuss the most fundamental research questions confronting the field today. This diverse and thought-provoking collection of essays spans virtually all of the key subfields of the discipline, from behavioral and evolutionary ecology to population biology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, disease ecology, and conservation biology. These essays are intended to stoke curiosity, challenge prevailing wisdom, and provoke new ways of thinking about ecology in light of new technologies and unprecedented environmental challenges brought on by climate and land-use change. Authoritative and accessible, Unsolved Problems in Ecology is ideal for graduate students in the early stages of their scientific careers and an essential resource for seasoned ecologists looking for exciting new directions to take their research.

Observed trends and relationships between ENSO and standardized hydrometeorological drought indices in central Chile.

Año: 2020
Categoría: ENSO

Título publicación

Observed trends and relationships between ENSO and standardized hydrometeorological drought indices in central Chile.

Autores: M. Oertel , FJ. Meza, J. Gironás.

Libro: Hydrological Processes. 

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Abstract

Droughts are natural phenomena that severely affect socio economic and ecological systems. In Chile, population and economic activities are highly concentrated in its central region (i.e. between latitudes 29°S and 40°S), which periodically suffers from severe droughts affecting agriculture, hydropower, and mining. Understanding the dynamics of droughts and large-scale atmospheric processes that influence the occurrence of dry spells is essential for forecasting and efficient early detection of drought events. Central Chile's climate is marked by a significant El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence that might help to better characterize droughts as well as to identify the effects of ENSO on the spatial and temporal characteristics of meteorological and hydrological droughts in the region. 

Exploring the fingerprints of past rain-on-snow events in the central Andean mountain range using satellite imagery.

Año: 2020
Categoría: Cambio climático, Clima, Impactos del cambio climático

Título publicación

Exploring the fingerprints of past rain-on-snow events in the central Andean mountain range using satellite imagery.

Autores: D. Ocampo, F.J. Meza.

Libro: Remote Sensing. 

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Abstract

Rain-on-snow (ROS) events can alter nival regimes and increase snowmelt, peak river flow, and reduce water storage. However, detection of ROS events is challenging and only the most intense and obvious cases are identified. Rain is known to reduce snow cover and decrease near-infrared reflectance due to increased grain size. 

Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography to evaluate irrigation systems efficiency at the field scale: a case study in a vineyard in Central Chile

Año: 2021
Categoría: Agricultura

Título publicación

Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography to evaluate irrigation systems efficiency at the field scale: a case study in a vineyard in Central Chile

Autores: J. Araya, P. Gil, F. Meza, G. Yáñez, G. Menanno, V. García-Gutiérrez, A. Luque, F. Poblete, R. Figueroa, J. Maringue, N. Pérez-Estay, J. Sanhueza.

Libro: Irrigaton Science. 

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Abstract

In many orchards, irrigation scheduling is designed based on data from meteorological networks and considering homogeneous soil properties. Such assumptions may result in inefcient irrigation, which is difcult to constrain without expensive or invasive techniques. Here we have evaluated the ability of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for detecting meterscale irrigation uniformity and deep percolation during irrigation. The spatiotemporal variability of soil volumetric water content (VWC) in a vineyard located near Santiago (Chile) was inferred using ERT monitoring of two irrigation cycles. The electrical resistivity structure up to 4 m depth was estimated using two-dimensional inversion of ERT data.

Phenological modularity in amphibian calling behaviour: Geographic trends and local determinants.

Año: 2019
Categoría: Biodiversidad

Título publicación

Phenological modularity in amphibian calling behaviour: Geographic trends and local determinants.

Autores: A. Canavero, M. Arim, F. Pérez, F.M. Jaksic, P.A. Marquet.

 

Libro: Austral Ecology.

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Abstract

Phenology of species, the coupling of vital activities to specific times of the year, plays a main role in ecosystem functioning and is expected to be affected by global change. We analysed the temporal structure of 52 amphibian communities in South America encompassing a latitudinal range from 7º to 34º south. Phenological modularity – species tendencies to aggregate along the months – is here introduced as a ubiquitous property of biodiversity architecture. Further, we identified an increase in phenological modularity with species richness, available energy and in communities with lower thermal dependence (i.e. the rate of change in the number of species active along the year associated with the environmental temperature). These patterns are in agreement with predictions derived from several ecological hypotheses: complexity-stability, species-energy and metabolic ecology. 

Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture: Archaic societies of the Atacama Desert (10,000–4,000 cal yr BP)

Año: 2020
Categoría: Impactos

Título publicación

Violence in hunters, fishermen, and gatherers of the Chinchorro culture: Archaic societies of the Atacama Desert (10,000–4,000 cal yr BP)

Autores: V.G. Standen, C.M. Santoro, B. Arriaza, D. Coleman, S. Monsalve, P.A. Marquet.

Libro: American journal of bilogical Anthropology.

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Abstract

This article addresses evidence of violence imbedded in both soft and hard tissues from early populations of hunters, fishermen, and gatherers, known as the Chinchorro culture, who lived between 10,000 and 4,000 cal yr BP, along the coast of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest environments on Earth. Our study is aimed to test two hypotheses 

30% land conservation and climate action reduces tropical extinction risk by more than 50%.

Año: 2020
Categoría: Adaptación, Biodiversidad

Título publicación

30% land conservation and climate action reduces tropical extinction risk by more than 50%.

Autores: L. Hannah, P. Roehrdanz, P.A. Marquet., B. Enquist, G. Midgley, W. Foden, J. Lovett, R. Corlett, D. Corcoran, S. Butchart, B. Boyle, X. Feng, B. Maitner, J. Fajardo, B.J. McGill, C. Merow, N. Morueta-Holme, E. Newman, D. Park, N. Raes, J.C. Svenningt.

Libro: Ecography.

Link a la Publicación

Abstract

This article addresses evidence of violence imbedded in both soft and hard tissues from early populations of hunters, fishermen, and gatherers, known as the Chinchorro culture, who lived between 10,000 and 4,000 cal yr BP, along the coast of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest environments on Earth. Our study is aimed to test two hypotheses 

Can Ecological Interactions be Inferred from Spatial Data?

Año: 2020
Categoría: Biodiversidad

Título publicación

Can Ecological Interactions be Inferred from Spatial Data?

Autores: C.R. Stephens, C. Gonzalez-Salazar, M. Villalobos, P.A. Marquet.

Libro: Biodiversity Informatics.

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Abstract

The characterisation and quantication of ecological interactions, and the construction of species distributions and their associated ecological niches, is of fundamental theoretical and practical importance. In this paper we give an overview of a Bayesian inference framework, developed over the last 10 years, which, using spatial data, offers a general formalism within which ecological interactions may be characterised and quantied. Interactions are identied through deviations of the spatial distribution of co-occurrences of spatial variables relative to a benchmark for the non-interacting system, and based on a statistical ensemble of spatial cells.

Reconstructing ecological networks with noisy dynamics.

Año: 2020
Categoría: Biodiversidad

Título publicación

Reconstructing ecological networks with noisy dynamics.

Autores: M.A. Freilich, R. Rebolledo, D. Corcoran, P.A. Marquet.

Libro: Proceedings of the Royal Society.

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Abstract

Ecosystems functioning is based on an intricate web of interactions among living entities. Most of these interactions are difficult to observe, especially when the diversity of interacting entities is large and they are of small size and abundance. To sidestep this limitation, it has become common to infer the network structure of ecosystems from time series of species abundance, but it is not clear how well can networks be reconstructed, especially in the presence of stochasticity that propagates through ecological networks.